A person breaks a rule defined by the tournament documents, lies to a tournament official, or notices an offense committed in their (or a teammate's) match and does not call attention to it.
某人违反了比赛文档中规定的规则，向比赛工作人员说谎，或在注意到自身对局（或队友之对局）中发生了违规情事的情况下却不去寻求解决。
This sentence is an exhaustive list of the situations that can be considered Cheating. If the basic situation does not match one of these three categories, it is not Cheating. Moreover, all intentional violations of the tournament rules fall under the provision of Cheating (except for Slow Play, which is Stalling), and should not be treated simply as upgraded versions of other infractions.
这句话说明了所有可以被考虑为作弊的情况。只要情形不符合上述三类中的任何一类，便不属于作弊。此外，任何故意违反比赛规则的行为都属于作弊（除游戏进行过慢以外，故意游戏进行过慢属于拖延），而不应以其他违规的升级情形进行处理。
The phrases “breaking a rule” and “notices an offense” include violations of the Comprehensive Rules and of the Magic Tournament Rules. Players are required to call a judge when they make an error. Additionally, because both players are responsible for the game state, players are also expected to call a judge when they notice their opponent commit an offense.
“违反规则”和“注意到违规”包括违反完整规则（CR）和比赛规则（MTR）。我们要求牌手在他们犯错时呼叫裁判。此外，由于双方牌手都有维护游戏状态的责任，牌手也应当在他们注意到对手违规时呼叫裁判。
The IPG stipulates that, in team formats, players are also responsible for pointing out offenses in their teammates’ matches. This is because each team advances in the tournament and earns prizes as a group. Accordingly, members of a team are accountable for calling attention to mistakes they notice in their teammates’ matches as well as their own.
IPG规定，在团队比赛中，牌手也有责任指出队友的对局的违规。这是因为每个团队成员是一起参加比赛并获得奖励的。因此，如同自己的对局，团队成员有责任在他们注意到队友的对局发生错误时呼叫裁判。

Additionally, the offense must meet the following criteria for it to be considered Cheating:
此外，必须在同时满足下列要素的情况下，才能将上述的违规行为视为“作弊”：
• The player must be attempting to gain advantage from their action.
• 该牌手确实意图利用自身的行为来获取优势。
• The player must be aware that they are doing something illegal.
• 该牌手确实知道自己之作为属违规行为，但仍决定如此作。
In Magic, cheating is always a deliberate action, or conscious lack of action. There is no such thing as “accidental cheating”. Accidental errors should be handled by the appropriate infractions found elsewhere in the IPG.
在万智牌中，作弊总是一种故意的行为，或者有意不作为。不存在“意外作弊”。意外的错误应依照IPG其他部分处理。
Additionally, if a player is not attempting to gain advantage from his or her action, then the offense is not Cheating. This bullet is sort of weird, generally you think of someone trying to gain an advantage when they cheat, which is exactly the point. If there is no advantage, there is no cheating. For example: Alex, who is at 6 life, attacks with a creature the turn it was summoned. Nat notices, but just takes the damage because they are holding 2 Lightning Bolts in their hand, and wants to let Alex get in a hit so they doesn’t feel so crushed when Nat wins next turn. In this case, Nat is not committing an infraction. Be aware though, that because this rule is published where players can see it, some may be tempted to craft stories where it seems like they were just trying to be ‘nice’. It is your responsibility to determine as much of the truth as possible.
此外，若一位牌手不是故意要从他的行为中获利，则违规并非作弊。这一点有些奇怪，一般来说，你认为某人作弊时他/她在试图获利。如果没有获利，则没有作弊。举例来说，Alex的生命值为6，用一个召唤失调的生物进攻。Nat注意到了这一点，但他接受了伤害，因为他有两张闪电击在手。他想让Alex多打一点时间，这样当他下回合击败Abe时，对方不会感到特别难受。这种情况下，Nat并没有违规。请注意，由于此规则是公开的，牌手都可以看到它，有些人可能会尝试编造故事来假装自己只是尝试做个“友善的人”。裁判的责任是尽量根据事实来做决定。
A third thing that is not on this list, but is stated in the definition, the player actually has to be breaking a rule. If a player misunderstands a rule, thinks they are doing something illegal for an advantage, but what they are doing is actually legal; That’s not Cheating.
定义中提到的但没有在清单中列明的第三点是，牌手确实违反了规则。若一位牌手误解了规则，认为他们为了获利做了某些非法的事情，但实际上他们所做的是合法的，则不是作弊。
The IPG used to define Cheating as a separate category of infractions, including Cheating — Fraud, Cheating — Hidden Information Violation, and Cheating — Manipulation of Game Materials. In January 2013, the IPG was updated to rule these various infractions into a single, streamlined infraction called Unsporting Conduct — Cheating. This makes it easier for judges to determine whether a certain action is Cheating, as the criteria for Cheating are now the same for all types of offenses.
IPG曾经将作弊定义为一个专门类别，包括作弊～欺诈、作弊～隐藏信息违规和作弊～操纵比赛物品。2013年1月，IPG更新后将这些违规合并为一个新的违规，称为举止违背运动道德～作弊。这让裁判更容易确定一个行为是否是作弊，因为现在对于任何违规的情形，作弊的标准都是一致的。

If all criteria are not met, the offense is not Cheating and is handled by a different infraction. Cheating will often appear on the surface as a Game Play Error or Tournament Error, and must be investigated by the judge to make a determination of intent and awareness.
如果某违规并未同时满足上述两个要素，则该行为便不属于“作弊”，且应依照其他种类之违规进行处理。
The IPG clearly specifies the criteria that must be met for an offense to be Cheating so that judges can more easily identify situations where Cheating has actually occurred. If one or more of the criteria for Cheating is not met, the judge should consider whether a different infraction applies, if any. Do not apply your own definition.
IPG清晰的阐述了作弊行为的要素，所以裁判可以更容易的确定哪些情况确实是作弊。如果某个情形未满足一个或多个作弊的要素，裁判应当考虑是否应当适用另一种违规。不要自己定义什么是作弊。
作弊这类违规表面上看起来通常很类似游戏行动失误或是比赛失误，裁判必须经过调查方得以断定牌手背后之意图及其对规则的了解程度。
The ability to conduct investigations is highly prized by the judge community; it is one of the qualities of Regional Judges, and one that all judges should strive to cultivate. The IPG does not require definite proof of the intent to cheat, but rather expects officials to exercise their best judgment to determine if a player is deliberately breaking a rule to gain an advantage. This sentence is a reminder to remain vigilante and ask questions. This particular skill is a hard one to develop as each potential situation is unique.
裁判社群对调查能力高度看重。这是区域（3级）裁判要掌握的能力，也是所有裁判应当努力培养的。IPG不要求作弊意图的确切证据，但希望裁判能够使用最佳判断，来确定一位牌手是否故意破坏规则来获利。这句话提醒你在调查中，问问题时要保持警醒。调查是一种较难学习的技能，因为每一个可能是作弊的情形都是不同的。

A. A player alters the results on a match slip without their opponent’s knowledge.
A. 牌手在对手不知情的状况下更改对局的结果。
B. A player lies to a tournament official about what happened in a game to make their case stronger.
B. 牌手就游戏中发生的事情向比赛工作人员说谎，以增强己方诉求的严重性。
C. A player allows their opponent to put a creature into the graveyard even though the creature has not been dealt lethal damage.
C. 在某生物未受到致命伤害的情况下，牌手仍允许其对手将该生物置入坟墓场。
D. A player notices that their opponent resolved only half of the triggered ability of Sword of Feast and Famine and decides not to call attention to the error.
D. 牌手注意到其对手仅部分结算了丰馑剑/Sword of Feast and Famine的触发式异能，但却决定不去寻求解决此失误。
E. A player peeks at another player’s picks during the draft.
E. 牌手在轮抽过程中窥视其他牌手抽到的牌。
F. A player adds cards to their Sealed Deck pool.
F. 参加现开赛的牌手加额外的牌到他的牌池中。
G. A player realizes they have accidentally drawn an extra card, then fails to call a judge in order to avoid a penalty.
G. 牌手发现自己不慎额外抓了一张牌，但为了逃避惩罚，并未叫裁判。
All of these are examples of a player intentionally violating game rules, tournament rules, or lying. While this is not an exhaustive list, it covers many of the most common cases. One thing that is noticeably absent: not pointing out your opponents Missed Trigger. This is NEVER cheating, even if you point out the Missed Trigger at a point in time that is beneficial to you.
这些例子都是牌手在故意违反游戏规则、比赛规则或者撒谎。尽管这些例子无法涵盖所有的作弊情况，它涵盖了很多常见的情况。注意，有一种情况不属于作弊：没有指出对手的遗漏触发。这永远不是作弊，即使你在更有利于你的时间才指出对手的遗漏触发，也是一样。