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====== 4.2 Major 严重 ======
<box 20% right>Penalty 处罚</box|Match Loss 一局负>
//As explained below, the penalty for this infraction is sometimes upgraded to Disqualification.\\ 
如下所述，此违规的处罚有时会升级为取消资格。//
===== DEFINITION 定义 =====
**A player takes action towards one or more individuals that could reasonably be expected to create a feeling of being harassed, threatened, bullied, or stalked. This may include insults based on race, color, religion, national origin, age, gender, disability, or sexual orientation. Threats of physical violence should be treated as Unsporting Conduct – Aggressive Behavior.**\\ 
++牌手向一人或多人做出易使对方产生受骚扰、威胁、欺侮、尾随感受的不端行为。|\\ 
In stark contrast to previous revisions of this infraction, Unsporting Conduct – Major is no longer defined by its examples. Whereas in the past, a player needed to take one of a very specific set of actions to be considered committing Unsporting Conduct – Major, this is no longer the case. This infraction has been expanded to include a wider category of unacceptable behavior. \\ 
与此违规之前修订的版本明显不同的是，举止违背运动道德～严重已不再用例子来定义。在过去，一个牌手需要作出特定的一些行为才会被认定为举止违背运动道德～严重。现在有所不同。此违规已经扩展，以归纳一些更广泛的不被接受行为。\\ 
For the purposes of identifying this infraction, it is important to consider whether or not a player’s conduct toward others might reasonably be expected to cause any of the above-listed feelings, and not necessarily that anybody has been actually made to feel any of those ways. For further illustration of this point, please see Sean Catanese’s excellent [[http://blogs.magicjudges.org/seacat/updating-unsporting-conduct-major/
| blog article]].\\ 
在鉴别这一违规时，非常重要的是要考虑一个牌手的对他人的行为是否有理由让我们认为会使被冒犯者产生上述感受。是否有人确实产生上述感受并非是必要的。为了进一步说明这一点，请看Sean Catanese博客中这篇[[http://blogs.magicjudges.org/seacat/updating-unsporting-conduct-major/
|优秀的文章]]。\\ 
Note that it is possible for a player to commit this infraction by potentially causing these feelings in individuals other than their opponent. Participants in other matches, spectators, or tournament officials are all potential recipients of the harmful effects of a player’s misconduct. The Match Loss penalty should be applied to the offending player even if the person potentially harmed by their actions is not their current round opponent.\\ 
请注意，牌手有可能使其对手以外的其他人产生上述感受，而犯下此违规。其他对局的参赛者、旁观者或比赛工作人员都有可能是潜在的不良影响受害者。一局负的判罚应当应用在冒犯他人的牌手上，即使可能被伤害的人并非是他当前这一轮的对手。\\ 
Finally, it should be pointed out that actual incidents of Unsporting Conduct – Major are pretty rare. Local Magic communities tend to be very self-correcting even without the presence of judges. Basic social contract theory applies here; Magic players are humans, first. Most players already refrain from acting in ways that violate the communal agreements of society at large, so instances of this infraction are likewise unusual.\\ 
最后，应当指出，实际的举止违背运动道德事件～严重是相当少见的。本地的万智牌社群即使没有裁判在场一般都会自我纠正问题。因为万智牌牌手首先是人，所以这里适用基本的社会契约理论。大多数牌手已经避免做出触犯社会集体认同的行为，所以此违规的实例是比较不寻常的。 \\ ++
++这包括侮辱他人的人种、肤色、宗教、国籍、年龄、性别、残疾或是性取向。|\\ 
A harassing comment or threatening slur directed at a person that meets the criteria above is unacceptable. Even if a comment is intended to be humorous, it may still be reasonably expected to create one or more feelings of being harassed, threatened, bullied, or stalked. Other players do not deserve to be spoken to in this way and judges are responsible for enforcing the standards Wizards of the Coast has put forth. It doesn't matter if a particular judge personally feels this type of insult doesn’t merit a Match Loss, they should consider only how others might be expected to react to it. \\ 
符合上述标准针对个人的骚扰言论或者威胁言辞是不被接受的。即使牌手说出该言论的目的只是幽默，它仍然可能会造成他人感到受骚扰、危险、欺侮或者尾随。其他牌手不应被这类言论所针对，而裁判有责任执行威世智倡导的标准。个别裁判感觉这类侮辱不应判罚一局负是不重要的，他/她只应考虑其他人会对此有何反应。\\ 
Furthermore, the infraction doesn’t depend on whether or not anybody was actually made to feel any of these ways. The MIPG has no way to measure or normalize how offended a person is. We, as judges, also do not want a player’s level of offense dictating the severity of a penalty as offense is highly subjective. \\ 
此外，违规与是否有人确实感到被骚扰、威胁、欺侮、尾随并无关联。IPG无法衡量或者标准化一个人受到的冒犯的程度。我们作为裁判也不想使用一个牌手受冒犯的程度来指导判罚的严重程度，因为被冒犯的感受是高度主观的。\\ 
Similarly, a generic comment that merely annoys or offends another person is not necessarily sufficient for Unsporting Conduct – Major. Again, what’s important here is whether or not the action could reasonably create feelings of being harassed, threatened, bullied, or stalked. Here, too, judges must take care to make sure that their own personal likelihood to be offended doesn’t preclude their treating players fairly. Judges should be be mindful to neither over- nor under-penalize for Unsporting Conduct based on their own personal biases.\\ 
类似的，仅仅只是让人厌烦或者冒犯他人的一般言论可能达不到举止违背运动道德-严重这个违规的标准。重复一遍，重要的是行为是否有可能使人产生被骚扰、威胁、欺侮、尾随的感受。在此裁判必须小心，不能让自己对冒犯的个人判断妨碍他们对待牌手的公平性。裁判应当留意不能依据自己的个人偏见来重判或轻判违背运动道德的行为。\\ ++
++肢体暴力挑衅应依照“举止违背运动道德～攻击性举止”进行处理。|\\ 
Threats of violence, be they explicit or implied, represent an even more serious category of problems that should be dealt with even more severely. Unsporting Conduct – Major does not cover these.\\ 
暴力挑衅，不论明显的或者含蓄的，都是更为严重的问题，因此应当更为严格地处理。举止违背运动道德～严重不涵盖此情况。\\ ++

**It is possible for an offender to commit this infraction without intending malice or harm to the subject of the harassment.**\\ 
++就算作出此类行为的牌手原本主观上无意针对或伤害受骚扰者，他也可能犯下此违规。|\\ 
Realistically, most incidents of Unsporting Conduct – Major will have come about without malicious intent. Whether or not a player simply used a poorly-chosen word or made an instantly-regretted remark doesn’t matter in determining whether or not the infraction has been committed. If a player does or says something that could reasonably create feelings of being harassed, threatened, bullied, or stalked, even without meaning to, then the damage has potentially already been done and the player should still receive the penalty. \\ 
实际上，大多数举止违背运动道德～严重的实例并非由恶意的企图所导致。一位牌手是否只是简单地使用错误的词语或者立刻感到后悔的言辞对于判定其是否犯下违规并不重要。如果一个牌手做了或说了很可能产生他人被骚扰、威胁、欺侮、尾随感受的事，即使该牌手不是有意而为，伤害有可能已经造成了，所以牌手仍然应当受到判罚。\\ 
In fact, if a player committing Unsporting Conduct – Major does so with malicious intent, meaning he has acted with the specific intention of creating a toxic environment for others, then the penalty for this infraction should be upgraded to a Disqualification as explained below.\\ 
事实上，如果牌手触犯举止违背运动道德～严重是因为恶意，这表示他有意图地对他人制造不良环境，而对此违规的判罚应当如下详述的升级。\\ ++
===== EXAMPLES 范例 =====
**A. A player uses a racial slur against their opponent. **\\
**A. 牌手诋毁对手的人种。**\\ 
**B. A player intentionally misgenders their opponent.**\\
**B. 牌手故意错判对手的性别。**\\
**C. A player takes inappropriate photos of another player without express permission.**\\ 
**C. 牌手在未征得对方明确同意的情况下拍摄其他牌手的不雅照片。**\\ 
**D. A player asks a spectator for a date, is denied, and continues to press the issue.**\\ 
**D. 牌手意图约会某位旁观者，但在遭拒后依然不依不饶。**\\ 
**E. A player purposefully obstructs another player with the intent of inducing physical contact.**\\ 
**E. 牌手故意阻挡其他牌手，意图寻衅滋事。**\\ 
**F. A spectator uses social media to bully another player.**\\ 
++F. 牌手利用社交媒体欺侮其他牌手。|\\ 
To help establish the difference between this infraction and some other similarly-seeming, yet fundamentally different errors, here are a few “anti-examples” of behavior that should usually not be considered Unsporting Conduct – Major. It may be helpful to refer back to these after reading through some other sections of this annotation. \\ 
为了区分此违规与其他看起来类似但根本上不同的违规，下面有一些范例，包含一些通常不被考虑为举止违背运动道德～严重的行为。阅读完此注释的其他部分之后再回顾这些范例是有益的。\\ 
**__ANTI-EXAMPLES 反例__**\\ 
Z. After losing a game, a player physically threatens his opponent using a racial slur and saying he’ll see him in the parking lot. \\ 
Z. 输掉一盘比赛后，一位牌手用种族歧视言论威胁他的对手并要和对手在停车场约架。\\ 
While it is true that this certainly could be expected to cause feelings of harassment and threat, this is not Unsporting Conduct – Major because it more appropriately meets the definition of Aggressive Behavior. Threatening violence is a more serious concern and so takes precedence. \\ 
虽然上述行为确实会产生骚扰和威胁感，这并不是举止违背运动道德～严重，因为这更符合攻击性举止。暴力威胁是更严重的问题，所以优先考虑。\\ 
Y. After losing their match, a player throws his chair in anger at a group of spectators, but doesn’t actually hit any of them. \\ 
Y. 牌手输了一局比赛后愤怒的把椅子扔向一群观众，但实际上没有伤到任何人。\\ 
Again, this is not Unsporting Conduct – Major. Violence directed toward someone is more properly categorized as Aggressive behavior. \\ 
再一次，这不是举止违背运动道德～严重。直接针对他人的暴力行为被划分为攻击性举止。\\ 
X. A player refuses to shake her opponent’s hand after losing a close game. The opponent, with no reason to believe otherwise, assumes that the refusal is due to her gender. \\ 
X. 一位牌手在差之毫厘地输掉一盘游戏后拒绝与对手握手。他的对手认为对手拒绝的唯一合理理由是因为她的性别。\\ 
This is not Unsporting Conduct – Major or any other infraction, really. As said in the introduction to Unsporting Conduct, unsporting behavior is not the same as a lack of sporting behavior. Refusing a friendly handshake might not be very nice, but it isn’t actually against the rules. \\ 
事实上，这不是举止违背运动道德～严重或者任何其他违规。如举止违背运动道德的介绍中所说，违背运动道德的行为与缺乏运动精神的行为是不同的。拒绝友好的握手可能显得不友善，但是这并不违反规则。\\ 
W. A player opens his sealed pool and exclaims to himself in disgust, “These cards are gay!”\\ 
W. 牌手打开他的现开牌池并厌恶的自言自语“这牌池太基佬了”\\ 
Once again, this is not Unsporting Conduct – Major, but does sound like it may be Unsporting Conduct – Minor. While statements like this are sure to offend some people, they are a lot less likely to cause feelings of being harassed, threatened, bullied, or stalked, as they are not specifically directed at anybody. Merely offending others is not sufficient for meeting the criteria for this infraction; in order for something to be considered Unsporting Conduct – Major, it must reasonably potentially cause one or more of these feelings. Note that in issuing the Unsporting Conduct – Minor infraction, the player should still be talked to about this behavior and told to knock it off.\\ 
这也不是举止违背运动道德～严重，但这可能符合举止违背运动道德～轻微的定义。即使这样的言论很可能会冒犯一些人，但不大可能会导致被骚扰、威胁、欺侮、尾随的感受。因为这些言论并不直接针对任何人。仅仅只是冒犯他人并不满足此违规的充分条件。一个行为要想被认为是举止违背运动道德～严重，应当可能造成他人一个或多个上述的不良感受。注意，确认举止违背运动道德～轻微违规后，应当教育牌手上述行为是不好的，并要求其不再犯。\\ 
V. A player in a losing position repeatedly shouts expletives to himself during his match and is issued a Warning for Unsporting Conduct – Minor. During the next round, that player continues to use the same expletives.\\ 
V. 牌手快要输掉对局时不断地自言自语地咒骂，因举止违背运动道德～轻微被判警告。下一轮比赛中，牌手仍然继续此行为。\\ 
Similarly, this is not Unsporting Conduct – Major. Repeated infractions of Unsporting Conduct – Minor do not automatically upgrade the infraction to Unsporting Conduct – Major. Please refer to the Unsporting Conduct – Minor infraction in the IPG for guidance on dealing with recurrences of that error.\\ 
>>>> 类似地，这不是举止违背运动道德～严重。重复违反举止违背运动道德～轻微的违规行为并不自动升级为举止违背运动道德～严重。请根据IPG中关于举止违背运动道德～轻微的指导来处理累犯此违规的行为。++
===== PHILOSOPHY 原则 =====
**A safe environment is a basic expectation of any tournament attendee. Harassment undermines the safety and integrity of a tournament. Players who purposefully create harmful or unwelcoming situations in a tournament are expected to immediately correct the behavior and demonstrate remorse or be removed.**\\ 
++安全的比赛环境是所有参赛者最基本的预期。对他人进行骚扰会破坏比赛的安全与公正。|\\ 
This should pretty much go without saying. Magic tournaments are supposed to be safe, non-threatening, family-friendly affairs.\\ 
这是不言自明的。万智牌比赛应当是安全的、无害的、适合家庭参与的事情。\\ ++
++在比赛中故意寻衅惹事的牌手应立即改正并道歉，否则便会被逐出赛场。|\\ 
Note that there is a distinction between purposefully creating a harmful and/or unwelcoming situation and doing so “with malicious intent.” A player who intentionally takes a harmful action- such as making a harassing off-color remark- might not necessarily have expected any offense by it. It’s possible, for example, for a player to use a particular ethnic slur without knowing its definition or being aware of its vulgar nature. Again, if a player did actually mean specific and longer-lasting harm with his words or actions, the penalty for the infraction should be upgraded to Disqualification as explained later. \\ 
注意，故意制造有害或者不受欢迎的情况与不怀好意地这样做是有区别的。牌手故意做出有害行为，比如骚扰他人的下流言辞，可能不是打算冒犯其他人。举例来说，牌手使用了种族歧视词汇，但他有可能并不知道该词汇的含义，或者意识到它的粗俗性质。再一次说明，如果一个牌手有意地使用言语或行为故意对他人造成持久性伤害，那么判罚应当如后文叙述地升级为取消资格。\\ 
Determining whether or not a player has demonstrated remorse requires at least a basic level of attentiveness and empathy. Statements such as “I’m sorry,” and “I shouldn’t have done that,” are good indications that a player regrets his actions and won’t repeat them. Conversely, statements like “it was just a joke,” or “this is ridiculous,” are potential red flags indicating that a player doesn’t yet understand the harmful implications of his or their behavior, or is simply not well-conditioned for participation in a non-threatening environment. Special care should be used by judges to ensure that infracting players disagreeing with or being upset over a Match Loss penalty are still separately given a chance to show remorse for their actions. \\ 
判定牌手是否懊悔需要一定的专注力与同理心。言辞如“我很抱歉”和“我不应该这样做”是比较好的迹象，表明牌手对他的行为表示后悔，并不会再犯。相反的，言辞如“那只是开玩笑啦”或者“你一定是在逗我”都是潜在危险迹象，表明牌手还没有意识到他/她的行为造成的有害影响，或者他目前的状态并不适合在无威胁环境中继续参赛。裁判应当特别小心处理这类违规，保证那些因为不同意一局负判罚或者因为判罚而不爽的违规牌手仍然在稍后有机会对自己的违规行为表示懊悔。\\ 
A player not demonstrating sincere remorse should be informed that continuing to not do so will result in their Disqualification. An ultimatum like “If you want to continue playing today, you’ll need to convince me that this isn’t going to be a problem again,” may be enough to prompt the regret and humility necessary for the player to be allowed to stay in the tournament. Note that, “I don’t agree with you, but I’ll stop,” should be an acceptable response.\\ 
牌手若没有表现出真诚的懊悔，裁判应该告知该牌手，如果仍不进行道歉将导致他/她被取消资格。诸如“如果你今天想要继续比赛，你需要让我相信你不会再制造麻烦”这样的最后通牒可能足以促使想要继续比赛的牌手感到后悔与羞愧。注意，“我不认同你，但我会停止”是一个可以接受的反应。\\ ++

**Because of the confrontational nature of this infraction, judges need to end any match in progress and separate the players. Care should be taken not to escalate the situation if at all possible. The offender will be removed from the area to receive the penalty, and education about why the behavior is unacceptable regardless of excuse. They may need a few moments to cool down afterwards. Apologizing is encouraged, but the desire of the other individuals to not interact with their harasser must be respected.**\\ 
++由于出现次违规时双方牌手会在情绪上有所对立，裁判要终止正在进行的比赛，并将涉事双方牌手分开，|\\ 
Some judicious teamwork may be a useful approach, here. For example, the attending judge might ask to speak to the offending player privately. After they have been escorted from the playing area, another assisting judge might then inform the opponent that they will be receiving a win for the current match, assist them with gathering their belongings, and then ask them to leave the table. Then, after the attending judge has finished explaining the infraction and penalty to the offending player (see below for more on this topic), that judge would be able to escort them back to the playing area to retrieve their belongings without risk of further confrontation.\\ 
审慎判断现场情况并开展团队合作可能会十分有效。举例来说，参与判罚的裁判可以要求与做出冒犯行为的牌手私下交谈。在被带出比赛区域后，另一位协助的裁判可以告知对手，她将会得到当前对局的胜利，并且协助她带好她的物品并离开。然后，在参与判罚的裁判向做出冒犯行为的牌手解释完违规和判罚之后（以下有更多关于此主题的内容），该裁判可以带他回到比赛区域取回他的物品。这样做可以避免进一步对抗的风险。\\ ++
++同时应尽力进行安抚，保证事态不致升级。裁判应将犯下此违规的牌手带离比赛区域，给予处罚，并教育牌手不管理由为何，都不应该进行这类行为。|\\ 
Handling aggressive behavior with more aggressive behavior is a poor way to approach a situation, as it tends to make things worse. When dealing with an unruly player, keeping cool yet remaining firm is usually the best approach. Judges should remove the player from the situation by, for example, asking them to step away from the playing area or to come outside to talk. This has the effect of giving the player time to cool off, while providing an opportunity for the judge to talk with them, let them vent, and do whatever else is needed to calm the offending player down. \\ 
用更具有攻击性的行为来处理攻击性行为是一个糟糕的方法，它会导致情况变得更差。当面对不守规矩的牌手时，保持冷静而坚定通常是最佳方式。裁判应当让牌手脱离不好的情形，可运用的方式如请他/她离开比赛区域到一旁谈谈，让他把情绪发泄出来，然后再设法让牌手冷静下来。\\ 
It is important for judges to remember to themselves remain calm. When dealing with Unsporting Conduct – Major, a judge’s first priority is to de-escalate the situation, which will be difficult or impossible if that judge is angry, upset, or visibly nervous. Assessing the penalty should only be done once everything else is under control.\\ 
对于裁判来说，最重要的是记住要保持冷静。当你处理举止违背运动道德～严重时，裁判的第一要务是缓和事态。如果裁判自己就很愤怒、不爽或显得紧张，就很难甚至不可能去缓和事态。只有当事态进入可控的范围内之后，再决定判罚。\\ ++
++此后牌手可能需要一段时间冷静。|\\ 
Judges should take their time dealing with all players involved in Unsporting Conduct – Major- not just the offender. Other players made to feel harassed, threatened, bullied, or stalked may also require some brief counseling and/or an explanation of the corrective action being applied to the match and opponent. \\ 
裁判应该花时间处理所有涉及到举止违背运动道德～严重事件的牌手，而不仅仅只是冒犯者。其他感到受骚扰、威胁、欺侮或尾随的牌手可能也需要一些简短地建议和/或解释，告知他对手应做出的改正行为、以及当前对局的解决方法。\\ 
Because the penalty for this infraction is a Match Loss, it is unlikely that issuing it will result in much delay to the entire tournament, even when significant time is needed to help the players cool down. Since the match is already over, an extension will usually not be required.\\ 
因为此违规的判罚是一局负，给出此判罚一般不会对整场比赛造成太多的拖延，即使让牌手们冷静下来需要花费不少时间。由于对局已经结束，通常是不需要延时的。\\ ++
++虽然应促使双方谅解，但若受骚扰方表达出不愿再与骚扰方接触的意愿，也应予以尊重。|\\ 
One of the main reasons why the penalty for Unsporting Conduct – Major is a Match Loss is that assessing it immediately disengages the offending player from their opponent. It would be unreasonable to expect the female opponent of a player who uses, for example, misogynistic language to continue the match after a judge has intervened. If such an opponent doesn’t want any further contact, this request should be honored. After the penalty is issued, the match is automatically ended, so there’s no need for any further interaction. \\ 
举止违背运动道德～严重的判罚是一局负的一个主要原因是，它能够直接让冒犯者与他的对手分开来。举例来说，指望女性牌手在对手使用厌恶女性的言语之后还继续比赛是不合理的，即使裁判对不良行为进行了干预。如果对手不希望继续与冒犯者有更多的接触，这一需求应当被尊重。在判罚给出之后，对局自动结束，所以双方没有必要进一步互动。\\ 
However, a player eager to apologize is a good indication that they are demonstrating enough remorse to be allowed to continue playing after receiving their penalty. This is true even if they are not given the chance to deliver it.\\ 
然而，一位牌手很愿意道歉是一个良好的迹象。他/她表现出足够懊悔的话可以被允许在受到判罚之后继续比赛。即使对手并不想接受致歉也是如此。\\ ++

**Officials must investigate these matters as soon as they are brought to their attention. If they determine that the infraction does not meet the criteria for Unsporting Conduct – Major, it is still recommended that the players be talked to to avoid future misunderstandings.**\\ 
++当有人就此行为唤起工作人员注意时，工作人员应尽快对此类事端进行调查。|\\ 
Note that because the penalty for this infraction is a Match Loss (or Disqualification), as with all penalties greater than a Warning, the Head Judge should be made aware before it is issued. However, the first priority when dealing with potential Unsporting Conduct – Major is de-escalation of the situation through separation of the players and calming of the people involved. Judges should make sure this goal is met before taking further action.\\ 
注意，因为此违规的判罚是一局负（或者取消资格），与所有严重程度超过警告的判罚一样，需要在给出判罚前告知主审。然而，处理可能是举止违背运动道德～严重的事件时，第一要务是缓和事态，分开牌手并让涉及到的人们冷静下来。裁判应当在采取进一步动作前确保这一点。\\ ++
++即便认定有关违规不符合“举止违背运动道德～严重”的定义 ，也建议向双方牌手进行解释，以免再生误会。|\\ 
It is expected that players will sometimes become offended or be made otherwise uncomfortable by another player’s actions without those actions being considered to reasonably cause feelings of being harassed, threatened, bullied, or stalked. In such a circumstance, the more appropriate infraction may be, but is not necessarily, USC – Minor. Judges should refer to that infraction to make sure that the player’s behavior matches up to what’s described therein.\\ 
有可能发生一种情况，牌手有时因其他牌手的行为被冒犯或感到不适，而这些行为不是易使人感到被骚扰、威胁、欺侮或尾随。在这种情况下，更为适用的违规可能是（但不一定是）举止违背运动道德～轻微。裁判应当参考该违规的条文以确定牌手的行为是否符合该违规的描述。\\ 
Fostering a safe, non-threatening, family-friendly environment by talking to players about their unfriendly conduct is highly encouraged. Judges do not need to wait until a player actually commits an infraction before getting involved. Pro-activity on the part of judges- by listening for and intervening in intensifying situations- is always a good idea. Furthermore, players should usually be talked to about their own offensive behavior even if they are not receiving a penalty.\\ 
我们鼓励裁判与牌手关于其不友好行为进行谈话，来培养一个安全的、无威胁的、适合家庭参与的环境。裁判不需要等待牌手实际违规了之后才介入。裁判积极主动地聆听并介入正在升级的事态总是正确的方式。进一步来讲，牌手做出了冒犯行为，即使没受到判罚，通常也应该接受关于这种行为的谈话。\\ ++
===== ADDITIONAL REMEDY 进一步的修正 =====
**The player must correct the behavior immediately. If the offense occurs at the end of a match, it is acceptable for the judge to apply the penalty to the next match instead.**\\ 
++牌手必须立刻改正其行为。|\\ 
The outward display of remorse and a tacit agreement to not repeat the unacceptable behavior is generally all that’s necessary for correction, here. As described above, apologies should be encouraged, but they are not usually required.\\ 
外在表现出懊悔以及默认不再重复不可接受的行为通常就足以视为改正了。如上文所述，道歉是值得鼓励的，但是一般不要求牌手致歉。\\ ++
++如果违规是发生在一局游戏结束时，裁判可以改为在下一局才让处罚生效。|\\ 
As a rule of thumb, if a player committing Unsporting Conduct – Major has already won (or has not yet lost) the current match, the penalty should be applied to that round, with the judge updating match results as necessary. Conversely, if the player committing the infraction has already lost the current match, the penalty should be deferred to the next round, instead. \\ 
如果牌手触犯举止违背运动道德～严重时已经赢得当前对局（或者还没有输），判罚应当应用在这一轮，并且有必要的话裁判应当更改对局结果。相反的，若一位牌手违规时已经输掉了当前对局，那么判罚应当改为在下一轮生效。\\ 
Note that this represents a very different philosophy from that of most other infractions found in the IPG. With most other errors, it is usually appropriate to apply the penalty to the game in which the mistake has been made regardless of either player’s board position or game record. For example, if a player commits a third Game Rule Violation, that player should almost always be assessed a Game Loss for the current game even if that player happens to be very far behind on resources, is facing lethal combat damage, or is otherwise about to lose. However, this is not true for Unsporting Conduct – Major.\\ 
注意，这代表了一个与IPG其他违规显得非常不同的原则。对于大多数其他错误而言，通常应用判罚在当前对局中，即犯下错误的对局，而不考虑牌手的场面情况或对局成绩。例如，若一位牌手第三次犯下违反游戏规则，这个牌手触犯违规的牌局应判负，即使这位牌手的资源/场面已大幅度落后，正面临致命战斗伤害，或马上要输了。然而这并不适用于举止违背运动道德～严重。\\ 
The reason for this difference in philosophy is simple. Unlike most other infractions, it’s possible for a player to commit Unsporting Conduct – Major after a match has already ended, but before the players have left the table. If a player has already recorded a Match Loss through the normal course of play, but still manages to commit this error during that same round, applying the Match Loss immediately may fail to have the intended impact on the player, and probably won’t help illustrate that their actions were unacceptable. Some additional dispensation- being able to delay the penalty one round- is necessary to properly deliver justice in this case. Significant errors bear significant penalties.\\ 
原理上有所不同的理由很简单。与其他违规不同，牌手触犯举止违背运动道德～严重可能是在一盘比赛结束之后且离开赛桌之前。若一位牌手已经因为普通的原因被判罚一局负，但仍然在同一轮比赛中触犯举止违背运动道德～严重，应用一局负判罚可能无法达到预期的对该牌手的影响，而且有可能无法使其认识到他的行为是不可被接受的。一些额外的调整——下一局才让处罚生效——对于执行公正而言是必要的。重大错误应受到严厉判罚。\\ ++

**Upgrade: If the offense was committed with malicious intent, the player displays no remorse, or the offense is repeated at a later time, the penalty is Disqualification and removal from the venue.**\\ 
++升级：如果牌手作出此类行为时有恶意企图，或是之后未有道歉之意，或是稍后发生累犯，则处罚为取消资格并驱离赛场。|\\ 
This is an admittedly tricky section of the policy, as the term “malicious intent” isn’t especially well-defined. However, what this is getting at is that judges need to use some careful discernment to investigate the intent behind Unsporting Conduct – Major infractions in order to determine the appropriate penalty. Players that simply had a temporary lapse in social decorum, were caught up in the heat of the moment, or just miscalculated the implications of their own actions probably haven’t committed this error maliciously. \\ 
必须承认方针的这一部分有些复杂，因为“恶意企图”不好被定义。然而，裁判需要敏锐的洞察力来调查牌手违规的意图，目的在于决定恰当的判罚。牌手只是在社会礼仪方面一时过失，或一时冲动，或只是错误估计了他们行为的影响，不应当被认定为恶意。\\ 
On the other hand, and to quote Sean Catanese, “A player who intends to intimidate or involuntarily control someone else with their actions, yet stops short of being outright aggressive or threatening (Aggressive Behavior), is still actively choosing to harm someone. That player does not belong in a Magic tournament.” Players fitting this profile should be disqualified and removed from the venue.\\ 
另一方面，引用Sean Catanese的话，“牌手意图用某些行为恐吓或胁迫他人，即使这些行为又不完全是攻击性或者威胁性的（即攻击性举止），仍然是主动伤害他人。这样的牌手不能留在万智牌比赛中”。符合这项定义的牌手应当被取消资格并逐出赛场。\\ 
A player taking inappropriate photos of another player because they think it’s funny is probably not acting with malicious intent. A player taking these photos for the purpose of using them to publicly mock the subject probably is. A player continuously asking another player for a date because they think they can convince them to change their mind is probably not acting with malicious intent. A player continuing to ask because they know it makes them feel uncomfortable probably is. A player using a racial slur because them is frustrated and angry is probably not acting with malicious intent. A player using a racial slur that is directed and targeted as an insult probably is. \\ 
牌手因为觉得有趣而拍下其他牌手的不雅照片可能不是一种恶意行为。牌手拍下这些照片来为了公开嘲弄他人则是恶意行为。一位牌手不断地邀请另一位牌手与他约会，因为他认为他可以说服她改变主意，这可能不是一种恶意行为。牌手不断地邀请另一位牌手与他约会，因为他知道这样能让她感到不适，则可能是恶意行为。一位牌手因为沮丧和愤怒使用种族歧视言辞可能不是一种恶意行为。一位牌手使用种族歧视言辞直接侮辱对手，则可能是恶意行为。\\ 
The necessity to handle these two types of cases differently stems from the fact that penalties have their natural limits. Among other things, penalties serve to educate, and a Match Loss is supposed to help teach the lesson of proper social conduct. However, it’s likely that basic education will not be enough to correct a player who has chosen to commit Unsporting Conduct – Major maliciously; there may be deeper issues with them than simple ignorance. Sometimes Disqualification is the only suitable option. \\ 
以不同的处理这两种类型情况是有必要的，来源于判罚本身的局限性。在其他情形中，判罚旨在教育，一局负的目的在于教育牌手采取合适的社会行为。然而，简单的教育难以有效地纠正牌手恶意触犯举止违背运动道德～严重的行为。他的问题可能不仅是无知，而有更深层次的原因。有时取消资格是唯一恰当的选择。\\ 
The same can be said about players that neither show remorse nor refrain from repeating the same harmful behavior. Further education will probably not be effective for these players, either, so they should be disqualified, too.\\ 
同样的，对于牌手毫无悔意、并且重复相同的有害行为的情况也是如此。进一步教育可能对这些牌手也是无效的，所以他们应当被取消资格。\\ 
For more information, read these articles:\\ 
如果想要进一步了解，请阅读以下文章：\\ 
• [[http://blogs.magicjudges.org/telliott/2014/07/14/m15-policy-changes/]]\\ 
• [[http://blogs.magicjudges.org/seacat/2014/07/14/updating-unsporting-conduct-major/]]\\ ++
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